How the calculation works
The tool is deliberately simple to use and fully traceable underneath. Two airports are enough, because the haul band that drives the emissions factor follows from the distance between them and whether the route stays inside one country.
Recognized conversion factors
Emissions factors come from the Greenhouse gas reporting: conversion factors 2026, published by the UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ/DEFRA) on 11 June 2026 — the reference set used for UK statutory carbon reporting and widely accepted for voluntary disclosure.
Radiative forcing included
Results use DEFRA's with-RF factor set by default, capturing the additional warming effect of emissions released at altitude. DEFRA publishes with-RF and without-RF factors as separate sets; you can switch to combustion-only in the methodology panel.
Real routing, not just the straight line
Great-circle distance is uplifted by 8% per DEFRA methodology to account for indirect routing, holding patterns and taxiing. DEFRA's published factors exclude this uplift, so it has to be applied to the distance.
Three haul bands, not one average
Short same-country flights use DEFRA's domestic factor, which is around 82% higher per kilometre than short-haul international — short sectors are dominated by taxiing, take-off and climb, and flown by smaller regional aircraft. Longer routes fall into the short-haul or long-haul band by distance.
Transparent by default
Every result shows the exact coefficient applied, the haul band it came from, and whether that coefficient is a published DEFRA value or a labelled derivation — so any figure can be traced back to source.
Figures are estimates for a single passenger and cover the flight itself (tank-to-wake), excluding upstream fuel production and airport operations. For a formal inventory, reconcile the factor basis with your reporting framework — or talk to our carbon accounting team.